Footnotes

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[1] Levin, G.V. and P.A. Straat, “Viking Labeled Release Biology Experiment: Interim Results,” Science, 194, 1322- 1329, December 1976.

 

[2] Levin, G.V., “The Viking Labeled Release Experiment and Life on Mars,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, SPIE Proceedings, 3111, 146-161, July, 1997.

 

[3] Levin, G.V., “Odyssey gives evidence for liquid water on Mars,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings 5163, August 2003.

 

[4] Levin, G., L. Kuznetz, and A. Lafleur, “Approaches to Resolving the Question of Life on Mars,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 4137, 48-62, August 2000.

 

[5] “Spirit takes temperature of Mars for first time,” Mars Daily, www.marsdaily.com, January 8, 2004; http://origin.mars5.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/panoramas/opportunity/.

 

[6] “NASA to Announce ‘Significant Findings’ of Water on Mars Tuesday,” R. Britt and L. David, space.com, update, 6:30 p.m. ET, March 1, 2004.

 

[7] “Molecular Vibration and Absorption,” was at [http://www.sbu.ac.uk/water/vibrat.html]; link no longer active.

 

[8] Levin, G.V. and R.L. Levin, “Liquid Water and Life on Mars,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 3441, 30-41, July, 1998.

 

[9] Levin, G., “The Oxides of Mars,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 4495, 131-135, July 2001.

 

[10] Kerr, R.A., “Life or Volcanic Belching on Mars?” Science, 303, 5666,1953, 26 March 2004.

 

[11] Krasnopolsky, V.A., J. P. Maillard, and T. C. Owen, “Detection of Methane in the Martian Atmosphere: Evidence for Life,” European Geosciences Union, 1st General Assembly, Nice, France, April 25-30, 2004.

 

[12] “Formaldehyde, Ammonia, and Benzene Molecules on Mars? Would Probably Mean Life,” L. Howe, www.earthfiles.com/news/printerfriendly.cfm?id=707).

 

[13] “Ammonia may have been found in Mars' atmosphere which some scientists say could indicate life on the Red Planet,” D. Whitehouse, Online Science Ed., BBC, reported in BBC News, July 15, 2004.

 

[14]  Levin, G.V., J.D. Miller, P.A. Straat, and R.E. Hoover, “A Sterile Robotic Mars Soil Analyzer,” Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 4859, 78-86, August 2002.